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How the Balinese Celebrate Galungan and Kuningan
Twice a year, Bali transforms into a vibrant tapestry of devotion and tradition during the Galungan and Kuningan celebrations. These sacred Hindu festivals honor the triumph of dharma (good) over adharma (evil) and invite ancestral spirits back to the earthly realm.
Galungan marks the beginning of this spiritual period, occurring every 210 days according to the Balinese Pawukon calendar. On this day, it’s believed that ancestral spirits descend to visit their descendants. Families prepare elaborate offerings, known as Canang Sari, and adorn their homes and temples with Penjor—gracefully curved bamboo poles decorated with coconut leaves, fruits, and flowers. These symbols of prosperity line the streets, creating a picturesque and reverent atmosphere.
Ten days after Galungan, Kuningan concludes the festivities. This day signifies the return of ancestral spirits to the heavens. Special offerings, often featuring yellow rice and ketupat (rice cakes), are prepared, and prayers are conducted before noon, as it’s believed the spirits depart by midday. The color yellow, or “kuning” in Indonesian, symbolizes purity and is prominent in decorations and attire.
Beyond religious significance, Galungan and Kuningan foster community bonding and cultural expression. Families gather, traditional dances are performed, and the island resonates with the harmonious sounds of gamelan music. It’s a period where the Balinese reaffirm their commitment to spiritual balance and communal harmony.
Visitors during this time are welcomed to observe the ceremonies with respect. Witnessing the island adorned with penjor, participating in temple visits, and experiencing the communal spirit offers a profound insight into Balinese culture. Remember to dress modestly and approach the celebrations with reverence.
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